Memcache 协议（中英对照）(一)

协议	Protocol
memcached 的客户端使用TCP链接 与 服务器通讯。（UDP接口也同样有效，参考后文的 “UDP协议” ）一个运行中的memcached服务器监视一些（可设置）端口。客户端连接这些端口，发送命令到服务器，读取回应，最后关闭连接。	Clients of memcached communicate with server through TCP connections. (A UDP interface is also available; details are below under "UDP protocol.") A given running memcached server listens on some (configurable) port; clients connect to that port, send commands to the server, read responses, and eventually close the connection.
结 束会话不需要发送任何命令。当不再需memcached服务时，要客户端可以在任何时候关闭连接。需要注意的是，鼓励客户端缓存这些连接，而不是每次需要 存取数据时都重新打开连接。这是因为memcached 被特意设计成及时开启很多连接也能够高效的工作（数百个，上千个如果需要的话）。缓存这些连接，可以消除建立连接所带来的开销（/*/相对而言，在服务器 端建立一个新连接的准备工作所带来的开销，可以忽略不计。）。	There is no need to send any command to end the session. A client may just close the connection at any moment it no longer needs it. Note, however, that clients are encouraged to cache their connections rather than reopen them every time they need to store or retrieve data. This is because memcached is especially designed to work very efficiently with a very large number (many hundreds, more than a thousand if necessary) of open connections. Caching connections will eliminate the overhead associated with establishing a TCP connection (the overhead of preparing for a new connection on the server side is insignificant compared to this).
在 memcache协议中发送的数据分两种：文本行 和 自由数据。 文本行被用于来自客户端的命令和服务器的回应。自由数据用于客户端从服务器端存取数据时。同样服务器会以字节流的方式传回自由数据。/*/服务器不用关心 自由数据的字节顺序。自由数据的特征没有任何限制；但是通过前文提到的文本行，这项数据的接受者（服务器或客户端），便能够精确地获知所发送的数据库的长 度。	There are two kinds of data sent in the memcache protocol: text lines and unstructured data. Text lines are used for commands from clients and responses from servers. Unstructured data is sent when a client wants to store or retrieve data. The server will transmit back unstructured data in exactly the same way it received it, as a byte stream. The server doesn't care about byte order issues in unstructured data and isn't aware of them. There are no limitations on characters that may appear in unstructured data; however, the reader of such data (either a client or a server) will always know, from a preceding text line, the exact length of the data block being transmitted.
文 本行固定以“\r\n”(回车符紧跟一个换行符)结束。 自由数据也是同样会以“\r\n”结束，但是 \r(回车符)、\n(换行符)，以及任何其他8位字符，均可出现在数据中。因此，当客户端从服务器取回数据时，必须使用数据区块的长度来确定数据区块的 结束位置，而不要依据数据区块末尾的“\r\n”，即使它们固定存在于此。	Text lines are always terminated by \r\n. Unstructured data is _also_ terminated by \r\n, even though \r, \n or any other 8-bit characters may also appear inside the data. Therefore, when a client retrieves data from a server, it must use the length of the data block (which it will be provided with) to determine where the data block ends, and not the fact that \r\n follows the end of the data block, even though it does.
键值	Keys
存储在memcached中的数据通过键值来标识。键值是一个文本字符串，对于需要存取这项数据的客户端而言，它必须是唯一的。键值当前的长度限制设定为250字符（当然，客户端通常不会用到这么长的键）；键值中不能使用制表符和其他空白字符（例如空格，换行等）。	Data stored by memcached is identified with the help of a key. A key is a text string which should uniquely identify the data for clients that are interested in storing and retrieving it. Currently the length limit of a key is set at 250 characters (of course, normally clients wouldn't need to use such long keys); the key must not include control characters or whitespace.
命令	Commands
所有命令分为3种类型	There are three types of commands.
存储命令（有3项：’set’、’add’、’repalce’）指示服务器储存一些由键值标识的数据。客户端发送一行命令，后面跟着数据区块；然后，客户端等待接收服务器回传的命令行，指示成功与否。	Storage commands (there are three: "set", "add" and "replace") ask the server to store some data identified by a key. The client sends a command line, and then a data block; after that the client expects one line of response, which will indicate success or faulure.
取 回命令（只有一项：’get’）指示服务器返回与所给键值相符合的数据（一个请求中右一个或多个键值）。客户端发送一行命令，包括所有请求的键值；服务器 每找到一项内容，都会发送回客户端一行关于这项内容的信息，紧跟着是对应的数据区块；直到服务器以一行“END”回应命令结束。	Retrieval commands (there is only one: "get") ask the server to retrieve data corresponding to a set of keys (one or more keys in one request). The client sends a command line, which includes all the requested keys; after that for each item the server finds it sends to the client one response line with information about the item, and one data block with the item's data; this continues until the server finished with the "END" response line.
/*?*/其他的命令都不能携带自由数据。在这些命令中，客户端发送一行命令，然后等待（由命令所决定）一行回应，或最终以一行“END”结束的多行命令。	All other commands don't involve unstructured data. In all of them, the client sends one command line, and expects (depending on the command) either one line of response, or several lines of response ending with "END" on the last line.
一行命令固定以命令名称开始，接着是以空格隔开的参数（如果有参数的话）。命令名称大小写敏感，并且必须小写。	A command line always starts with the name of the command, followed by parameters (if any) delimited by whitespace. Command names are lower-case and are case-sensitive.
一 些客户端发送给服务器的命令会包含一些时限（针对内容或客户端请求的操作）。这时，时限的具体内容既可以是Unix时间戳（从1970年1月1日开始的秒 钟数），或当前时间开始的秒钟数。对后者而言，不能超过 60*60*24*30（30天）；如果超出，服务器将会理解为Unix时间戳，而不是从当前时间起的秒偏移。	Some commands involve a client sending some kind of expiration time (relative to an item or to an operation requested by the client) to the server. In all such cases, the actual value sent may either be Unix time (number of seconds since January 1, 1970, as a 32-bit value), or a number of seconds starting from current time. In the latter case, this number of seconds may not exceed 60*60*24*30 (number of seconds in 30 days); if the number sent by a client is larger than that, the server will consider it to be real Unix time value rather than an offset from current time.
错误字串	Error strings
每一个由客户端发送的命令，都可能收到来自服务器的错误字串回复。这些错误字串会以三种形式出现：	Each command sent by a client may be answered with an error string from the server. These error strings come in three types:
- "ERROR\r\n"
意味着客户端发送了不存在的命令名称。	means the client sent a nonexistent command name.
- "CLIENT_ERROR \r\n"
意味着输入的命令行里存在一些客户端错误，例如输入未遵循协议。部分是人类易于理解的错误解说……	means some sort of client error in the input line, i.e. the input doesn't conform to the protocol in some way. is a human-readable error string.
- "SERVER_ERROR \r\n"
意味着一些服务器错误，导致命令无法执行。部分是人类易于理解的错误解说。在一些严重的情形下（通常应该不会遇到），服务器将在发送这行错误后关闭连接。这是服务器主动关闭连接的唯一情况。	means some sort of server error prevents the server from carrying out the command. is a human-readable error string. In cases of severe server errors, which make it impossible to continue serving the client (this shouldn't normally happen), the server will close the connection after sending the error line. This is the only case in which the server closes a connection to a client.
在后面每项命令的描述中，这些错误行不会再特别提到，但是客户端必须考虑到这些它们存在的可能性。	In the descriptions of individual commands below, these error lines are not again specifically mentioned, but clients must allow for their possibility.