RHEL5下安装32位Oracle 10G

1389阅读　0评论2011-12-29　啦哆A梦
分类：

一、系统要求

1、至少1G物理内存；检查命令：# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

2、交换空间的设置；检查命令：# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

实际内存 建议交换空间大小

-------------- -----------------------------

不超过1G 2倍于内存

1G-2G 1.5倍于内存

 

2G-8G 与内存相同

超过8G 0.75倍于内存

3、/tmp目录至少400M空闲空间；检查命令：# df -k /tmp

4、oracle软件所需空间至少3G；检查命令：# df -k

5、数据库文件所需空间1.2G左右；检查命令：# df -k

6、确认系统架构(主要确认是装32bit还是64bit版本)；检查命令：# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo

7、确认Linux版本；检查命令：# more /etc/issue

8、确认Linux内核；检查命令：# uname -r

 

二、准备工作

检查安装oracle10g的依赖包是否存在，如没有则安装

# rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})n' binutils compat-db compat-libstdc++-296 control-center gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common gnome-libs libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat xscreensaver setarch

应该包含下列的包：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.EL4

compat-db-4.1.25-9

compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2

control-center-2.8.0-12

gcc-3.4.3-22.1.EL4

gcc-c++-3.4.3-22.1.EL44

glibc-2.3.4-2.9

glibc-common-2.3.4-2.9

gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1

libstdc++-3.4.3-22.1

libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-22.1

make-3.80-5

pdksh-5.2.14-30

sysstat-5.0.5-1

xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2

setarch-1.6-1

注意：RedHat AS4U2 x86默认安装的是binutils-2.15.92.0.2-15.x86_64.rpm，据称此版本会引起oracle安装失败！应另外下载binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.0.0.0.2.x86_64.rpm

下载请到：http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/2060541/com/binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.i386.rpm.html

下载完成后执行下列命令安装：

#rpm -Uvh --force binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.i386.rpm

compat-oracle-rhel4-1.0-5.i386.rpm网上也推荐安装，我想有总比没有强顺手也装上了。如果你安装不成功，可以下载这个包装上试试，安装这个包可能会关联到其它软件包，需要按照提示一并安装。

 

三、配置安装环境

1、配置核心参数。

1). # vi /etc/sysctl.conf ，将下列内容加入该文件。

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 1048576

net.core.rmem_max = 1048576

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

注：一般而言我们只需要修改kernel.shmmax这个值，该参数应该是物理内存的一半(字节)

 

 

编辑完之后存盘退出，然后运行下列命令重新加载并验证参数是否正确：

#sysctl -p

 

 

2). # vi /etc/security/limits.conf ，将下列内容加入该文件。

* soft nproc 2047

* hard nproc 16384

* soft nofile 1024

* hard nofile 65536

3). # vi /etc/pam.d/login ，将下列内容加入该文件

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session required pam_limits.so

4). # vi /etc/selinux/config 确保存在以下内容。

SELINUX=disabled

2、创建相关目录，用户，组等

# groupadd dba

# groupadd oinstall

# useradd -g oinstall -G dba  oracle

# passwd oracle

## 创建用户和组完成，下面创建目录，目录位置你根据自己情况定吧，注意磁盘的空闲空间。

 

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/

chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/

 

mkdir -p /backup/bak/

mkdir -p /data/orash

chown oracle:oinstall /backup/ -R

chown oracle:oinstall /data -R

chmod 755 /data  -R

chmod 755 /backup/ -R

 

解压10201_database_linux32.zip

unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip

unzip p6810189_10204_Linux-x86.zip

修改database目录权限，用户和用户组

chown -R oracle:oinstall database/

chmod -R 775 database/

chown -R oracle:oinstall Disk1/

chmod -R 775 Disk1/

 

3、配置oracle用户的环境变量

# su - oracle

$ vi .bash_profile

 

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

 

export PATH

 

unset ORACLE_SID  ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH TNS_ADMIN ORA_NLS33 ORACLE_OWNER ORACLE_TERM PATH NLS_LANG LANG

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=orcl

export ORACLE_SID

ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data

export ORA_NLS10

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:usr/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

#export LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

PATH=/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin::$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/etc:/usr/openwin/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/local/bin

#export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin

export PATH

 

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

    ulimit -p 16384

    ulimit -n 65536

  else

    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

  fi

fi

 

让刚才编辑的环境变量生效：

 

                            . .bash_profile

 

 

 

四、安装ORACLE10GR2

 

终于要开始安装了，以oracle用户启动到视窗状态，打开一个终端。

$ cd /opt/database

su - root

xhost +

export LANG=C

 

su - oracle

 

rpm -Uvh libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm

 

 

增加swap分区

 

dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swap bs=1M count=00 500M swap文件

mkswap /tmp/swap

swapon /tmp/swap

free

vi /etc/fstab

/tmp/swap swap swap defaults 0 0

 

$ ./runInstaller

 

选择只安装软件。

 

按照提示：

su - root

 

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/

 

 ./root.sh

 

 

 

升级数据库到10.2.0.4

 

cd /Disk1

 

./runInstall

 

如果提示非空目录，则选择确定

 

全next

 

以root身份运行两个.sh文件  选y

 

 

 

        

 

建立数据库

 

su - oracle

 

dbca

 

next

 

create a database

 

next

 

transaction processing

 

next

 

sid  跟 环境变量 sid 一致

 

next

 

next

 

输入密码

 

next

 

file system

 

next

 

next

 

next

 

sample schemas

 

next

 

memory

70

 

character sets

 

use unicode (AL32UTF8)

 

一般选zhs16gbk

 

next

 

next

 

finish

 

OK

 

 

 

 

打开归档

 

sqlplus / as sysdba

 

shutdown immediate

 

startup mount

 

alter database archivelog;

archive log list

 

看到：Automatic archival             Enabled

 

alter database open;

alter system switch logfile;    －－执行5次

 

exit

 

 ls /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2011_12_15/

 

看到到里面有日期目录，即可

 

 

 

创建表空间

sqlplus / as sysdba

 

 

CREATE TABLESPACE OTA_DATA01 DATAFILE

  '/data/ota_data01_01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

LOGGING

ONLINE

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE

BLOCKSIZE 8K

SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL

FLASHBACK ON;

 

CREATE TABLESPACE OTA_DATA04 DATAFILE

  '/data/ota_data04_01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

LOGGING

ONLINE

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE

BLOCKSIZE 8K

SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL

FLASHBACK ON;

 

 

CREATE TABLESPACE OTA_DATA02 DATAFILE

  '/data/ota_data02_01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

LOGGING

ONLINE

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE

BLOCKSIZE 8K

SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL

FLASHBACK ON;

 

 

CREATE TABLESPACE OTA_DATA03 DATAFILE

  '/data/ota_data03_01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

LOGGING

ONLINE

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE

BLOCKSIZE 8K

SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL

FLASHBACK ON;

 

 

 

创建用户

 

CREATE USER SOTPMS_TEST

  IDENTIFIED BY "123456"

  DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS

  TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP

  PROFILE DEFAULT

  ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

  #-- 2 Roles for SOTPMS_TEST

  GRANT CONNECT TO SOTPMS_TEST;

  GRANT RESOURCE TO SOTPMS_TEST;

  ALTER USER SOTPMS_TEST DEFAULT ROLE ALL;

  #-- 6 System Privileges for SOTPMS_TEST

  GRANT DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE TO SOTPMS_TEST;

  GRANT DROP ANY DIRECTORY TO SOTPMS_TEST;

  GRANT CREATE ANY DIRECTORY TO SOTPMS_TEST;

  GRANT DEBUG CONNECT SESSION TO SOTPMS_TEST;

  GRANT CREATE VIEW TO SOTPMS_TEST;

  GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO SOTPMS_TEST;

 

CREATE USER SOTPAS_TEST

  IDENTIFIED BY "123456"

  DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS

  TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP

  PROFILE DEFAULT

  ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

  #-- 2 Roles for SOTPAS_TEST

  GRANT CONNECT TO SOTPAS_TEST;

  GRANT RESOURCE TO SOTPAS_TEST;

  ALTER USER SOTPAS_TEST DEFAULT ROLE ALL;

  -- 6 System Privileges for SOTPAS_TEST

  GRANT DROP ANY DIRECTORY TO SOTPAS_TEST;

  GRANT CREATE ANY DIRECTORY TO SOTPAS_TEST;

  GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO SOTPAS_TEST;

  GRANT CREATE VIEW TO SOTPAS_TEST;

  GRANT DEBUG CONNECT SESSION TO SOTPAS_TEST;

  GRANT DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE TO SOTPAS_TEST;

 

CREATE USER sotpcms_demo

  IDENTIFIED BY "123456"

  DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS

  TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP

  PROFILE DEFAULT

  ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

  #-- 2 Roles for sotpcms_demo

  GRANT CONNECT TO sotpcms_demo;

  GRANT RESOURCE TO sotpcms_demo;

  ALTER USER sotpcms_demo DEFAULT ROLE ALL;

  #-- 6 System Privileges for sotpcms_demo

  GRANT DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE TO sotpcms_demo;

  GRANT DROP ANY DIRECTORY TO sotpcms_demo;

  GRANT CREATE ANY DIRECTORY TO sotpcms_demo;

  GRANT DEBUG CONNECT SESSION TO sotpcms_demo;

  GRANT CREATE VIEW TO sotpcms_demo;

  GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO sotpcms_demo;

 

Exit

 

 

创建用户错误后清理用户

drop user sotpcms_demo cascade;

drop user SOTPAS_TEST cascade;

drop user SOTPMS_TEST cascade;

 

 

 

 

导入数据

gunzip sotpas_test.dmp.gz

gunzip sotpms_test.dmp.gz

 

Imp sotpms_test/123456 file=/tmp/sotpms_test.dmp log=/tmp/sotpms_test.log fromuser=sotpms_test touser=sotpms_test

 

 

Imp sotpas_test/123456 file=/tmp/sotpas_test.dmp log=/tmp/sotpas_test.log fromuser=sotpas_test touser=sotpas_test

 

imp sotpcms_demo/123456 file=/tmp/sotpcms_demo.dmp log=/tmp/sotpcms_demo.log fromuser= sotpcms_demo  touser= sotpcms_demo

 

 

 

备份脚本

 

su – oracle

 

crontab -e

 

 

加入以下内容：

 

 

 

0 4 * * 3 /data/orash/incremental1.sh > /data/orash/incremental1.log

0 4 * * 1,2,4,5,6 /data/orash/incremental2.sh > /data/orash/incremental2.log

0 4 * * 0 /data/orash/incremental0.sh > /data/orash/incremental0.log

 

 

 

 

vi /data/orash/incremental0.sh

 

#!/bin/sh

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

dt=`date +%Y%m%d`

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman <

connect target /;

run

{

  allocate channel d1 type disk;

  backup

    incremental level=0

    format '/backup/bak/%d_incre0_$dt_%U.bak'

  database;

  backup format  '/backup/bak/%d_control_$dt_%U.bak'

   current controlfile;

backup archivelog all

format '/backup/bak/arch_bk1_$_dt_%U.bak'

delete input;

  release channel d1;

}

quit;

 

vi /data/orash/incremental1.sh

 

#!/bin/sh

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

dt=`date +%Y%m%d`

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman <

connect target /;

run

{

  allocate channel d1 type disk;

  backup

    incremental level=1

    format '/backup/bak/%d_incre1_$dt_%U.bak'

  database;

  backup format  '/backup/bak/%d_control_$dt_%U.bak'

   current controlfile;

backup archivelog all

format '/backup/bak/arch_bk1_$_dt_%U.bak'

delete input;

  release channel d1;

}

quit;

 

vi /data/orash/incremental2.sh

 

#!/bin/sh

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

dt=`date +%Y%m%d`

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman <

 connect target /;

 

run

{

  allocate channel d1 type disk;

  backup

    incremental level=2

    format '/backup/bak/%d_incre2_$dt_%U.bak'

  database;

  backup format  '/backup/bak/%d_control_$dt_%U.bak'

   current controlfile;

backup archivelog all

format '/backup/bak/arch_bk1_$_dt_%U.bak'

delete input;

  release channel d1;

}

quit;

 

 

 

chmod +x /data/orash/incremental0.sh

chmod +x /data/orash/incremental1.sh

chmod +x /data/orash/incremental2.sh

 

 

 

 

 

 

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 

 

 

 

------------------------------------------------------------

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 

 

 

 

startup     --开启数据库

 

 

shutdown immediate  --关闭数据库

 

 

 

 

字符集选择  GB2312

 

 

select open_mode from v$database;  --查看数据库启动状态。

 

read write                         --正常

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

 

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (SID_NAME = orcl)

    )

 

 

   )

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ip)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

 

 

Vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

 

orcl =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ip)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

开启监听

 

$ lsnrctl start

 

查看监听状态

 

$ lsnrctl status

 

停止监听

 

$ lsnrctl stop

 

 

启动脚本：

 

 

 

$ vi /etc/oratab

 

orcl:/ORACLE/app/product/10.2.0/db_1:N

 

改为：

 

orcl:/ORACLE/app/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y

 

也就是将最后的N改为Y

 

 

 

 

Su – root

# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/

 

# vi oradbstart

 

#!/bin/bash

# chkconfig: 345 99 10

# description: Startup Script for Oracle Databases

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/dbstart

export LANG=C

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

ORA_OWNR="oracle"

# if the executables do not exist -- display error

if [  -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart  ]

then

echo "OK!"

else

echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"

exit 1

fi

# depending on parameter -- startup, shutdown, restart

# of the instance and listener or usage display

case "$1" in

start)

# Oracle listener and instance startup

 

echo -n "Starting Oracle: "

su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart"

su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"

touch /var/lock/ORACLE

su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"

su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/isqlplusctrl start"

echo "OK"

;;

stop)

# Oracle listener and instance shutdown

echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "

su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"

su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/isqlplusctrl stop"

su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"

su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"

rm -f /var/lock/ORACLE

echo "OK"

;;

reload|restart)

$0 stop

$0 start

;;

*)

echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload"

exit 1

esac

exit 0

 

 

 

 

$su - root

 

#chown oracle.oinstall /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart

 

#chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart

 

然后执行：

 

chkconfig --add oradbstart

 

chkconfig --list oradbstart

 

chkconfig --list oradbstart

 

运行结果：

 

oradbstart 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

 

 

检验：

Su – oracle

 

$file /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oradbstart

 

S99oradbstart:symbolic link to '../init.d/oradbstart

 

 

[oracle@filesvr2 init.d]$ rman target /

 

configure retention policy to recovery window of 14 days;

 

exit

 

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