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from: http://hi.baidu.com/zhaonan1203/blog/item/8ba95717ec440810962b435e.html
SPD是SERIAL PRESENCE DETECT的缩写,中文意思是模组存在的串行检测。也即是通过上面讲的IIC串行接口的EEPROM堆内存插槽中的模组存在的信息检查。这样的话,模组 有关的信息都必须纪录在EEPROM中.习惯的,我们把这颗EEPROM IC就称为SPD了。为Serial Presence Detect 的缩写,它是烧录在EEPROM内的码,以往开机时BIOS必须侦测memory,但有了SPD就不必再去作侦测的动作,而由BIOS直接读取 SPD取得内存的相关资料。
刷新SPD的意义
从某种意义上来说,SPD芯片是识别内存品牌的一个重要标志。如果SPD内的参数值设置得不合理,不但不能起到优化内存的作用,反而还会引起系统工作
不稳定,甚至死机。因此,很多普通内存或兼容内存厂商为了避免兼容性问题,一般都将SPD中的内存工作参数设置得较为保守,从而限制了内存性能的充分发
挥;同时,如果两条内存的SPD信息不一致,也可能导致兼容性问题,调整合适的SPD值才能确保最佳性能。通过刷新内存的SPD信息,可在兼容性及性能上
得到一定的提升,刷新内存SPD参数必须保证源SPD参数的内存条与目标内存条所使用的内存颗粒较为接近,否则可能导致刷新后的内存条工作不稳定甚至无法
工作。
刷新SPD的方式
专业人员常用专用设备或专用转接头配合编程器来刷新内存条的SPD数据,另外还可以利用
软件刷新内存SPD参数。如Thaiphoon
Burner是一款内存SPD信息读写绿色软件,它可以在无需拆机的情况下直接读写内存条的SPD信息。
能识别由JEDEC分配的635个唯一生产ID,完全兼容DDR2内存。
SPD深度解析
当计算机开机时,串行存在检查(SPD)为存储在同步动态随机访问存储器(SDRAM)内存模块中电可擦除可编程只 读存储器(EEPROM)芯片上的信息,它告诉基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)模块的大小、数据宽度、速度以及电压。BIOS使用该信息来合适配置内存以 达到最好的可靠性和性能。如果内存模块没有SPD,BIOS则假定内存模块的信息,在一些内存中,这么处理不会有问题,但是SDRAM存储器必须具有 SPD,否则计算机可能根本不启动,如果启动了,假定的信息可能导致致命异常错误。那么在开机时,北桥会根据SPD中的参数信息来自动配置相应的内存时序与控制寄存器,避免人为出现调校错误而引起故障。当然,对于DIYer来说,也可以自由调整时序与控制参数(物理参数仍要借助SPD或北桥自己检测来确定)。
SPD浪涌保护器
SPD的功能是通过泄放浪涌电流来限制浪涌电压,起到防雷保护的作用。=================================================================================
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当计算机开机时,串行存在检查(SPD)为存储在同步动态随机访问存储器(SDRAM)内存模块中电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)芯片上的信息,它告诉基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)模块的大小、数据宽度、速度以及电压。BIOS使用该信息来合适配置内存以达到最好的可靠性和性能。如果内存模块没有SPD,BIOS则假定内存模块的信息,在一些内存中,这么处理不会有问题,但是SDRAM存储器必须具有SPD,否则计算机可能根本不启动,如果启动了,假定的信息可能导致致命异常错误。
SPD出现以前,存储器芯片通过并行存在检查(PPD)来识别,PPD为各个信息位使用一个单独的PIN,这意味着只能存储内存模块的速度和密度,因为引脚空间有线。SPD内存模块上的EEPROM芯片只需要两个引脚,从而可以存储更多的信息。
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JEDEC
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JEDEC Solid State Technology Association, formerly known as Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) or Joint Electron Device Engineering Councils, is the semiconductor engineering standardization body of the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA), a trade association that represents all areas of the electronics industry in the United States. JEDEC has over 300 members, including some of the world's largest computer companies.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Origins
* 2 Test methods and product standards
* 3 Package drawings
* 4 Industry standards
* 5 Today
* 6 External links
[edit] Origins
JEDEC was founded in 1958 as a joint activity between EIA and NEMA to develop standards for semiconductor devices. (NEMA dropped its involvement in 1979.) This early work began as a part numbering system for devices which became quite popular in the '60s. For example, the 1N4001 rectifier diode and 2N2222 transistor part numbers came from JEDEC. These part numbers are still popular today. JEDEC later developed a numbering system for integrated circuits, but this did not gain acceptance in the semiconductor industry.
Earlier in the 20th century, the organization was known as JETEC, the Joint Electron Tube Engineering Council, and was responsible for assigning and coordinating type numbers of electron tubes (also called valves). The type 6L6, still to be found in electric-guitar amplifiers, typically has a type number that was assigned by JETEC.
[edit] Test methods and product standards
This early work was followed by a number of test methods, JESD22, and product standards. For example, the ESD caution symbol, which is the hand with the line drawn through it, was published by JEDEC and is used worldwide. JEDEC also has a dictionary of semiconductor terms. All of JEDEC standards are free on the Web for downloading after a free registration.
JEDEC has issued widely-used standards for device interfaces, such as the JEDEC memory standards for computer memory (RAM), including the DDR SDRAM standards.
[edit] Package drawings
JEDEC also developed a number of popular package drawings for semiconductors such as TO-3, TO-5, etc. These are on the web under JEP-95. One hot issue is the development of lead-free packages that do not suffer from the tin whiskers problem that reappeared since the recent ban on lead content. JEDEC is working with iNemi on a joint interest group on lead-free issues.
[edit] Industry standards
JEDEC's adoption of open industry standards (i.e., standards that permit any and all interested companies to freely manufacture in compliance with adopted standards) serves several vital functions for the advancement of electronic technologies. First and foremost, such standards allow for interoperability between different electrical components. JEDEC standards do not protect members from normal patent obligations. The designated representatives of JEDEC member companies are required to disclose patents and patent applications of which they personally are aware (assuming that this information is not considered proprietary). JEDEC patent policy requires that standards found to contain patents, whose owners will not sign a standard JEDEC patent letter, be withdrawn. Thus the penalty for a failure to disclose patents is retraction of the standard. Typically, standards will not be adopted to cover technology that will be subject to patent protection. In rare circumstances, standards covered by a patent may be adopted, but only on the understanding that the patent owner will not enforce such patent rights or, at a minimum, that the patent owner will provide a reasonable and non-discriminatory license to the patented technology.[1]
[edit] Today
In the fall of 1999, JEDEC became a separate trade association, but still within the EIA Alliance. The new association was known as 'JEDEC Solid State Technology Association'.
1. ^ §8.2 of the JEDEC Manual of Organization and Procedure (JM21-M),
[edit] External links
* Official site of JEDEC.org
* List of JEDEC member companies
* JEP95, the master JEDEC package list (free registration required)
* INemi, tin whiskers user group of iNemi, a consortium of electronics companies
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Categories: Standards organizations
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