RMAN备份、恢复实验室之备份篇【查看备份情况】-jackson198574-ChinaUnix博客

概要：

查看备份集
查看SCHEMA统计信息
查看表空间的备份情况
查看数据文件的备份情况
查看控制文件的备份情况
查看不同类型设备上的备份情况
查看归档日志及其备份情况
查看系统中不存在（或者说是不在指定路径下）的备份
查看过期的备份
查看几天前的schema状态
查看需要备份的文件
查看违反规则的备份

操作命令：

查看备份集：

RMAN> list backupset;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

1 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T014453

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_1

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181185 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

2 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T014548

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_1

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL ----------------数据库名

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181217 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

3 Full 1.01G DISK 00:02:24 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T015052

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 3

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name -----------level type 跟增量备份有关

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

1 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf

2 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf

3 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf

4 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf

5 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf -------------------数据文件信息，包括路径、文件名、SCN、增量备份的LEVEL、文件号等

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

4 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:04 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T015052

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_1

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

查看SCHEMA统计信息：

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCL

List of Permanent Datafiles

===========================

File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name

---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------

1 690 SYSTEM *** /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf

2 490 SYSAUX *** /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf

3 85 UNDOTBS1 *** /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf

4 8 USERS *** /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf

5 100 EXAMPLE *** /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
---------------------可以看到文件号、文件大小、所属表空间名、文件路径、文件名等。

List of Temporary Files

=======================

File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name

---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------

1 29 TEMP 32767 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_8xm4gq4q_.tmp

查看表空间的备份情况：

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

3 Full 1.01G DISK 00:02:24 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T015052

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_1 -----备份集存放路径

List of Datafiles in backup set 3

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

4 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

5 Full 6.30M DISK 00:00:00 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 5 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T021009

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/07og8gs2_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 5

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

4 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf

查看数据文件的备份情况：

RMAN> list backup of datafile 1;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

3 Full 1.01G DISK 00:02:24 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T015052

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 3

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

1 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

6 Full 597.20M DISK 00:00:44 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 6 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T021232

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/08og8h0g_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 6

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

1 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf

-------------因为有多次备份，多个备份集中都有该数据文件，所以罗列的备份集是只要包含该文件的所有备份集。另外，对于备份策略，如果以冗余为准，而不是以时间为准的话，执行crosscheck的话，有些备份集可能会出现obselete，这一点有待实验验证，有精力的同学可以做以下实验，来这里探讨一下。

查看控制文件的备份情况：

RMAN> list backup of controlfile;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

1 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T014453

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181185 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

2 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T014548

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181217 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

4 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:04 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T015052

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

7 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:04 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T021232

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/09og8h1t_1_1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

9 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:04 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 9 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T021853

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0bog8hdh_1_1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

10 Full 9.33M DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 10 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T022227

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0cog8hj3_1_1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

12 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13

BP Key: 12 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T022254

Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0eog8hma_1_1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

-------------同上，罗列的是所有包含控制文件的备份集。

查看不同类型设备上的备份：

查看设备类型为“Disk”的备份：（查看磁带上的备份可以使用“list device type sbt backup;”命令）

RMAN> list device type disk backup;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size

------- ---- -- ----------

1 Full 9.36M

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181185 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 1

Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag

----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---

DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13 NO TAG20130802T014453

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 1 Copy #1

BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name

------- --- ----------- ----------

1 1 AVAILABLE /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_1

Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 1

Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag

----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---

DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13 NO TAG20130802T014453

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 1 Copy #2

BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name

------- --- ----------- ----------

21 1 AVAILABLE /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_2

BS Key Type LV Size

------- ---- -- ----------

2 Full 9.36M

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181217 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13

Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 2

Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag

----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---

DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13 NO TAG20130802T014548

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 2 Copy #1

BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name

------- --- ----------- ----------

2 1 AVAILABLE /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_1

Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 2

Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag

----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---

DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13 NO TAG20130802T014548

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 2 Copy #2

BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name

------- --- ----------- ----------

22 1 AVAILABLE /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_2

查看归档日志及其备份情况：

注：查看归档日志的命令为：list archivelog all; 查看未备份的备份集；

查看归档日志备份集的命令为：list backup of archivelog all； 查看已备份的备份集；

RMAN> list archivelog all;

List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL

=====================================================================

Key Thrd Seq S Low Time

------- ---- ------- - ---------

1 1 12 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_12_820195525.dbf

2 1 13 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_13_820195525.dbf

3 1 14 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_14_820195525.dbf

4 1 15 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_15_820195525.dbf

6 1 16 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_16_820195525.dbf

5 1 17 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_17_820195525.dbf

7 1 18 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_18_820195525.dbf

8 1 19 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_19_820195525.dbf

9 1 20 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_20_820195525.dbf

10 1 21 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_21_820195525.dbf

11 1 22 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_22_820195525.dbf

12 1 23 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_23_820195525.dbf

13 1 24 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_24_820195525.dbf

14 1 25 A 02-AUG-13

Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_25_820195525.dbf

查看系统中不存在（或者说是不在指定路径下）的备份：

RMAN> list expired backup;

specification does not match any backup in the repository

注：1.以上命令查看的是不存在的备份，如备份集用操作系统命令删除之后，crosscheck之后该备份集就为expired（X）状态。

2.跟obsolete概念区分，该参数是针对不满足retention policy条件(可以按照存放份数，也可以按照存放日期)的备份。

查看过期的备份：

RMAN> report obsolete;

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1 ------检测条件是按照份数来的，多余的备份会被标记为obsolete，也可以设定是n Days。

Report of obsolete backups and copies

Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle

-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------

Backup Set 1 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 1 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_1

Backup Set 1 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 21 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_2

Backup Set 2 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 22 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_2

Backup Set 2 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 2 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_1

Backup Set 3 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 23 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_2

Backup Set 3 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 3 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_1

Backup Set 4 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 24 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_2

Backup Set 4 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 4 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_1

Backup Set 7 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 7 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/09og8h1t_1_1

Backup Set 7 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 25 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/09og8h1t_1_2

Backup Set 9 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 9 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0bog8hdh_1_1

Backup Set 9 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 26 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0bog8hdh_1_2

Backup Set 10 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 27 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0cog8hj3_1_2

Backup Set 10 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 10 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0cog8hj3_1_1

Backup Set 12 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 29 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0eog8hma_1_2

Backup Set 12 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 12 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0eog8hma_1_1

Backup Set 14 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 14 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-1347976258-20130802-00

Backup Set 16 02-AUG-13

Backup Piece 16 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-1347976258-20130802-01

查看几天前的schema状态

[oracle@dbserver dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Aug 2 03:22:07 2013

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1347976258)

RMAN> report schema at time 'SYSDATE-1';

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of report command at 08/02/2013 03:22:23

RMAN-06137: must have recovery catalog for REPORT SCHEMA AT TIME

--------------所以很多时候都建议使用catalog进行备份

查看需要备份的文件：

RMAN> report need backup;

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1

Report of files with less than 1 redundant backups

File #bkps Name

---- ----- -----------------------------------------------------

查看违反规则的备份：

RMAN> report obsolete;

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1

no obsolete backups found

RMAN备份、恢复实验室 之 备份篇 【查看备份情况】

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RMAN备份、恢复实验室之备份篇【查看备份情况】