DM9000是开发板经采用的网络芯片,是一种高度集成而且功耗很低的高速网络控制器,可以和CPU直连,支持10/100M以太网连接,芯片内部自带16K SARM(3KB用来发送,13KB用来接收).
1.模块初始化
- static struct platform_driver dm9000_driver = {
- .driver = {
- .name = "dm9000",
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- },
- .probe = dm9000_probe,
- .remove = __devexit_p(dm9000_drv_remove),
- .suspend = dm9000_drv_suspend,
- .resume = dm9000_drv_resume,
- };
- static int __init
- dm9000_init(void)
- {
- printk(KERN_INFO "%s Ethernet Driver, V%s\n", CARDNAME, DRV_VERSION);
- return platform_driver_register(&dm9000_driver);
- }
模块初始化完成了基于platfrom平台的DM9000网卡驱动的注册,当DM9000网卡找到其对应的能处理的platform设备后调用probe函数。
2.DM9000网卡初始化
在probe函数中完成了对DM9000网卡的初始化
DM9000的特性:DM9000地址信号和数据信号复用使用CMD引脚区分它们(CMD为低是读写DM900地址寄存器,CMD为高时读写 DM9000数据寄存器),访问DM9000内部寄存器时,先将CMD置低,写DM900地址寄存器,然后将CMD置高,读写DM9000数据寄存器。
- static int __devinit
- dm9000_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
- {
- struct dm9000_plat_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
- struct board_info *db; /* Point a board information structure */
- struct net_device *ndev;
- const unsigned char *mac_src;
- int ret = 0;
- int iosize;
- int i;
- u32 id_val;
- /* Init network device */
- //申请net_device结构
- ndev = alloc_etherdev(sizeof(struct board_info));
- if (!ndev) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "could not allocate device.\n");
- return -ENOMEM;
- }
- //将net_device的parent指针指向platform_device对象,表示该设备挂载platform设备上。
- SET_NETDEV_DEV(ndev, &pdev->dev);
- dev_dbg(&pdev->dev, "dm9000_probe()\n");
- /* setup board info structure */
- //获取net_device私有数据结构指针
- db = netdev_priv(ndev);
- memset(db, 0, sizeof(*db));
- //设置相关设备
- db->dev = &pdev->dev;
- db->ndevndev = ndev;
- spin_lock_init(&db->lock);
- mutex_init(&db->addr_lock);
- INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&db->phy_poll, dm9000_poll_work);
- //获取平台设备资源。包括DM9000地址寄存器地址,DM9000数据寄存器地址,和DM900所占用的中断号
- db->addr_res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);
- db->data_res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 1);
- db->irq_res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, 0);
- if (db->addr_res == NULL || db->data_res == NULL ||
- db->irq_res == NULL) {
- dev_err(db->dev, "insufficient resources\n");
- ret = -ENOENT;
- goto out;
- }
- //申请地址寄存器IO内存区域并映射
- iosize = res_size(db->addr_res);
- db->addr_req = request_mem_region(db->addr_res->start, iosize,
- pdev->name);
- if (db->addr_req == NULL) {
- dev_err(db->dev, "cannot claim address reg area\n");
- ret = -EIO;
- goto out;
- }
- db->io_addr = ioremap(db->addr_res->start, iosize);
- if (db->io_addr == NULL) {
- dev_err(db->dev, "failed to ioremap address reg\n");
- ret = -EINVAL;
- goto out;
- }
- //申请数据寄存器IO内存区域并映射
- iosize = res_size(db->data_res);
- db->data_req = request_mem_region(db->data_res->start, iosize,
- pdev->name);
- if (db->data_req == NULL) {
- dev_err(db->dev, "cannot claim data reg area\n");
- ret = -EIO;
- goto out;
- }
- db->io_data = ioremap(db->data_res->start, iosize);
- if (db->io_data == NULL) {
- dev_err(db->dev, "failed to ioremap data reg\n");
- ret = -EINVAL;
- goto out;
- }
- /* fill in parameters for net-dev structure */
- ndev->base_addr = (unsigned long)db->io_addr;
- ndev->irq = db->irq_res->start;
- //设置数据位宽
- /* ensure at least we have a default set of IO routines */
- dm9000_set_io(db, iosize);
- /* check to see if anything is being over-ridden */
- if (pdata != NULL) {
- /* check to see if the driver wants to over-ride the
- * default IO width */
- if (pdata->flags & DM9000_PLATF_8BITONLY)
- dm9000_set_io(db, 1);
- if (pdata->flags & DM9000_PLATF_16BITONLY)
- dm9000_set_io(db, 2);
- if (pdata->flags & DM9000_PLATF_32BITONLY)
- dm9000_set_io(db, 4);
- /* check to see if there are any IO routine
- * over-rides */
- if (pdata->inblk != NULL)
- db->inblk = pdata->inblk;
- if (pdata->outblk != NULL)
- db->outblk = pdata->outblk;
- if (pdata->dumpblk != NULL)
- db->dumpblk = pdata->dumpblk;
- db->flags = pdata->flags;
- }
- #ifdef CONFIG_DM9000_FORCE_SIMPLE_PHY_POLL
- db->flags |= DM9000_PLATF_SIMPLE_PHY;
- #endif
- //复位网卡芯片
- dm9000_reset(db);
- //读取设备ID,判断是否是驱动能够处理的网卡芯片
- /* try multiple times, DM9000 sometimes gets the read wrong */
- for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
- id_val = ior(db, DM9000_VIDL);
- id_val |= (u32)ior(db, DM9000_VIDH) << 8;
- id_val |= (u32)ior(db, DM9000_PIDL) << 16;
- id_val |= (u32)ior(db, DM9000_PIDH) << 24;
- if (id_val == DM9000_ID)
- break;
- dev_err(db->dev, "read wrong id 0x%08x\n", id_val);
- }
- if (id_val != DM9000_ID) {
- dev_err(db->dev, "wrong id: 0x%08x\n", id_val);
- ret = -ENODEV;
- goto out;
- }
- /* Identify what type of DM9000 we are working on */
- id_val = ior(db, DM9000_CHIPR);
- dev_dbg(db->dev, "dm9000 revision 0x%02x\n", id_val);
- switch (id_val) {
- case CHIPR_DM9000A:
- db->type = TYPE_DM9000A;
- break;
- case CHIPR_DM9000B:
- db->type = TYPE_DM9000B;
- break;
- default:
- dev_dbg(db->dev, "ID %02x => defaulting to DM9000E\n", id_val);
- db->type = TYPE_DM9000E;
- }
- /* from this point we assume that we have found a DM9000 */
- /* driver system function */
- ether_setup(ndev);
- //设置网卡芯片的接口函数
- ndev->open = &dm9000_open;
- ndev->hard_start_xmit = &dm9000_start_xmit;
- ndev->tx_timeout = &dm9000_timeout;
- ndev->watchdog_timeo = msecs_to_jiffies(watchdog);
- ndev->stop = &dm9000_stop;
- ndev->set_multicast_list = &dm9000_hash_table;
- ndev->ethtool_ops = &dm9000_ethtool_ops;
- ndev->do_ioctl = &dm9000_ioctl;
- #ifdef CONFIG_NET_POLL_CONTROLLER
- ndev->poll_controller = &dm9000_poll_controller;
- #endif
- db->msg_enable = NETIF_MSG_LINK;
- db->mii.phy_id_mask = 0x1f;
- db->mii.reg_num_mask = 0x1f;
- db->mii.force_media = 0;
- db->mii.full_duplex = 0;
- db->mii.dev = ndev;
- db->mii.mdio_read = dm9000_phy_read;
- db->mii.mdio_write = dm9000_phy_write;
- mac_src = "eeprom";
- //从EEPROM中读取MAC地址填充dev_addr
- /* try reading the node address from the attached EEPROM */
- for (i = 0; i < 6; i += 2)
- dm9000_read_eeprom(db, i / 2, ndev->dev_addr+i);
- if (!is_valid_ether_addr(ndev->dev_addr) && pdata != NULL) {
- mac_src = "platform data";
- memcpy(ndev->dev_addr, pdata->dev_addr, 6);
- }
- if (!is_valid_ether_addr(ndev->dev_addr)) {
- /* try reading from mac */
- mac_src = "chip";
- for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
- ndev->dev_addr[i] = ior(db, i+DM9000_PAR);
- }
- if (!is_valid_ether_addr(ndev->dev_addr))
- dev_warn(db->dev, "%s: Invalid ethernet MAC address. Please "
- "set using ifconfig\n", ndev->name);
- //设置平台设备驱动的dev成员为ndev。
- platform_set_drvdata(pdev, ndev);
- //注册网络设备驱动
- ret = register_netdev(ndev);
- if (ret == 0)
- printk(KERN_INFO "%s: dm9000%c at %p,%p IRQ %d MAC: %pM (%s)\n",
- ndev->name, dm9000_type_to_char(db->type),
- db->io_addr, db->io_data, ndev->irq,
- ndev->dev_addr, mac_src);
- return 0;
- out:
- dev_err(db->dev, "not found (%d).\n", ret);
- dm9000_release_board(pdev, db);
- free_netdev(ndev);
- return ret;
- }
我们在来看看读写网卡寄存器所用的ior和iow
- static u8
- ior(board_info_t * db, int reg)
- {
- writeb(reg, db->io_addr);
- return readb(db->io_data);
- }
- static void
- iow(board_info_t * db, int reg, int value)
- {
- writeb(reg, db->io_addr);
- writeb(value, db->io_data);
- }
可以看得出是先将要访问的寄存器地址写入到地址寄存器,然后在将数据写入到数据寄存器。地址。
3.打开网卡
在linux终端下使用ifconfig命令时调用net_device的open函数打开网卡设备
- static int
- dm9000_open(struct net_device *dev)
- {
- board_info_t *db = netdev_priv(dev);
- unsigned long irqflags = db->irq_res->flags & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK;
- if (netif_msg_ifup(db))
- dev_dbg(db->dev, "enabling %s\n", dev->name);
- /* If there is no IRQ type specified, default to something that
- * may work, and tell the user that this is a problem */
- if (irqflags == IRQF_TRIGGER_NONE)
- dev_warn(db->dev, "WARNING: no IRQ resource flags set.\n");
- irqflags |= IRQF_SHARED;
- //申请中断
- if (request_irq(dev->irq, &dm9000_interrupt, irqflags, dev->name, dev))
- return -EAGAIN;
- /* Initialize DM9000 board */
- //复位网卡芯片
- dm9000_reset(db);
- //初始化网卡(相关寄存器设置)
- dm9000_init_dm9000(dev);
- /* Init driver variable */
- db->dbug_cnt = 0;
- mii_check_media(&db->mii, netif_msg_link(db), 1);
- //打开发送队列
- netif_start_queue(dev);
- //调度发送队列开始工作
- dm9000_schedule_poll(db);
- return 0;
- }
4.数据发送
下面说一下DM9000A中的存储部分,DM9000A内部有一个4K Dword SRAM,其中3KB是作为发送,16KB作为接收,如下图所示。其中0x0000~0x0BFF是传说中的TX buffer(TX buffer中只能存放两个包),0x0C00~0x3FFF是RX buffer。因此在写内存操作时,当IMR的第7位被设置,如果到达了地址的结尾比如到了3KB,则回卷到0。相似的方式,在读操作中,当IMR的第7 位被设置如果到达了地址的结尾比如16K,则回卷到0x0C00。
DM9000的TX RAM可以同时放两个包,可以第9行代码中看出如果大于TXRAM中的包大于2则返回,DM9000会先发送第一个包,然后再发第二个包。
- pre><pre name="code" class="html">static int
- dm9000_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
- {
- unsigned long flags;
- board_info_t *db = netdev_priv(dev);
- dm9000_dbg(db, 3, "%s:\n", __func__);
- //如果TX RAM中的包大于2个包则返回
- if (db->tx_pkt_cnt > 1)
- return 1;
- spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags);
- *MWCMD是Memory data write command with address increment Register(F8H)
- *将要访问的TXRAM地址写入地址寄存器。
- /* Move data to DM9000 TX RAM */
- writeb(DM9000_MWCMD, db->io_addr);
- //拷贝数据到TXRAM
- (db->outblk)(db->io_data, skb->data, skb->len);
- dev->stats.tx_bytes += skb->len;
- db->tx_pkt_cnt++;//增加数据包计数,这个值会在发送完成中断时进行自减
- 如果是第一个包则直接发送
- /* TX control: First packet immediately send, second packet queue */
- if (db->tx_pkt_cnt == 1) {
- /* Set TX length to DM9000 */
- /*把数据的长度填到TXPLL(发送包长度低字节)和TXPLH(发送包长度高字节)中*/
- iow(db, DM9000_TXPLL, skb->len);
- iow(db, DM9000_TXPLH, skb->len >> 8);
- /*置发送控制寄存器(TX Control Register)的发送请求位TXREQ(Auto clears after sending completely),这样就可以发送出去了*/
- /*
- *记下此时的时间,这里起一个时间戳的作用,之后的超时会用到。如果当前的系统时间超过设备的trans_start时间
- *至少一个超时周期,网络层将最终调用驱动程序的tx_timeout。那个这个"一个超时周期"又是什么呢?这个是我们在
- *probe函数中设置的,ndev->watchdog_timeo = msecs_to_jiffies(watchdog);
- */
- dev->trans_start = jiffies; /* save the time stamp */
- } else {
- //如果是第二个包,则暂时不发送,等待第一个包发送完成时tx_pkt_cnt减为1的时候再发送。
- /* Second packet */
- db->queue_pkt_len = skb->len;
- netif_stop_queue(dev);//停止发送队列
- }
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags);
- /* free this SKB */
- dev_kfree_skb(skb);
- return 0;
- }
4.中断
- static irqreturn_t dm9000_interrupt(intirq, void *dev_id)
- {
- structnet_device *dev = dev_id;
- board_info_t*db = netdev_priv(dev);
- intint_status;
- unsignedlong flags;
- u8reg_save;
- dm9000_dbg(db,3, "entering %s\n", __func__);
- /*A real interrupt coming */
- //禁止所用中断
- /*holders of db->lock must always block IRQs */
- spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock,flags);
- //保存寄存器地址
- /*Save previous register address */
- reg_save= readb(db->io_addr);
- //禁止DM9000的所有中断
- /*Disable all interrupts */
- iow(db,DM9000_IMR, IMR_PAR);
- /*Got DM9000 interrupt status */
- //获取中断状态寄存器的值
- int_status= ior(db, DM9000_ISR); /* Got ISR */
- iow(db,DM9000_ISR, int_status); /* Clear ISRstatus */
- if(netif_msg_intr(db))
- dev_dbg(db->dev,"interrupt status %02x\n", int_status);
- /*Received the coming packet */
- //如果是读取中断,则开始读取
- if(int_status & ISR_PRS)
- dm9000_rx(dev);
- /*Trnasmit Interrupt check */
- //是发送完成中断则处理发送完成后的事情
- if(int_status & ISR_PTS)
- dm9000_tx_done(dev,db);
- if(db->type != TYPE_DM9000E) {
- if(int_status & ISR_LNKCHNG) {
- /*fire a link-change request */
- schedule_delayed_work(&db->phy_poll,1);
- }
- }
- /*Re-enable interrupt mask */
- //重新打开DM9000的内部中断
- iow(db,DM9000_IMR, db->imr_all);
- /*Restore previous register address */
- //恢复寄存器的值
- writeb(reg_save,db->io_addr);
- //重新允许所有中断
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock,flags);
- returnIRQ_HANDLED;
- }
5.接收数据
- pre><pre name="code" class="html">static void
- dm9000_rx(struct net_device *dev)
- {
- board_info_t *db = netdev_priv(dev);
- struct dm9000_rxhdr rxhdr;
- struct sk_buff *skb;
- u8 rxbyte, *rdptr;
- bool GoodPacket;
- int RxLen;
- /* Check packet ready or not */
- do {
- ior(db, DM9000_MRCMDX); /* Dummy read */
- //获取接收数据的长度
- /* Get most updated data */
- rxbyte = readb(db->io_data);
- //检查设备接收状态
- /* Status check: this byte must be 0 or 1 */
- if (rxbyte > DM9000_PKT_RDY) {
- dev_warn(db->dev, "status check fail: %d\n", rxbyte);
- iow(db, DM9000_RCR, 0x00); /* Stop Device */
- iow(db, DM9000_ISR, IMR_PAR); /* Stop INT request */
- return;
- }
- if (rxbyte != DM9000_PKT_RDY)
- return;
- /* A packet ready now & Get status/length */
- GoodPacket = true;
- writeb(DM9000_MRCMD, db->io_addr);
- (db->inblk)(db->io_data, &rxhdr, sizeof(rxhdr));
- RxLen = le16_to_cpu(rxhdr.RxLen);
- if (netif_msg_rx_status(db))
- dev_dbg(db->dev, "RX: status %02x, length %04x\n",
- rxhdr.RxStatus, RxLen);
- /* Packet Status check */
- if (RxLen < 0x40) {
- GoodPacket = false;
- if (netif_msg_rx_err(db))
- dev_dbg(db->dev, "RX: Bad Packet (runt)\n");
- }
- if (RxLen > DM9000_PKT_MAX) {
- dev_dbg(db->dev, "RST: RX Len:%x\n", RxLen);
- }
- /* rxhdr.RxStatus is identical to RSR register. */
- if (rxhdr.RxStatus & (RSR_FOE | RSR_CE | RSR_AE |
- RSR_PLE | RSR_RWTO |
- RSR_LCS | RSR_RF)) {
- GoodPacket = false;
- if (rxhdr.RxStatus & RSR_FOE) {
- if (netif_msg_rx_err(db))
- dev_dbg(db->dev, "fifo error\n");
- dev->stats.rx_fifo_errors++;
- }
- if (rxhdr.RxStatus & RSR_CE) {
- if (netif_msg_rx_err(db))
- dev_dbg(db->dev, "crc error\n");
- dev->stats.rx_crc_errors++;
- }
- if (rxhdr.RxStatus & RSR_RF) {
- if (netif_msg_rx_err(db))
- dev_dbg(db->dev, "length error\n");
- dev->stats.rx_length_errors++;
- }
- }
- /* Move data from DM9000 */
- //如果接收正确,开始接收
- if (GoodPacket
- && ((skb = dev_alloc_skb(RxLen + 4)) != NULL)) {
- skb_reserve(skb, 2);
- rdptr = (u8 *) skb_put(skb, RxLen - 4);//获取skb的数据指针
- /* Read received packet from RX SRAM */
- (db->inblk)(db->io_data, rdptr, RxLen);//读取数据
- dev->stats.rx_bytes += RxLen;
- /* Pass to upper layer */
- skb->protocol = eth_type_trans(skb, dev);
- netif_rx(skb);//将接收到的skb交给协议层
- dev->stats.rx_packets++;
- } else {
- /* need to dump the packet's data */
- (db->dumpblk)(db->io_data, RxLen);
- }
- } while (rxbyte == DM9000_PKT_RDY);
- }