-
root@libin:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=bean bs=1K count=512000
-
记录了512000 0 的读入
-
记录了512000 0 的写出
-
524288000字节(524 MB)已复制,9.40989 秒,55.7 MB/秒
-
root@libin:~# ll bean
-
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 524288000 2012-07-06 22:24 bean
-
root@libin:~# ll -h bean
-
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 500M 2012-07-06 22:24 bean
-
root@libin:~#
-
root@libin:~#
-
root@libin:~# losetup /dev/loop0 bean
-
-
root@libin:~# cat /proc/partitions
-
major minor #blocks name
-
-
7 0 512000 loop0
-
8 0 312571224 sda
-
8 1 49182966 sda1
-
.......
-
-
oot@libin:~# mke2fs /dev/loop0
-
mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
-
文件系统标签=
-
操作系统:Linux
-
块大小=1024 (log=0)
-
分块大小=1024 (log=0)
-
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
-
128016 inodes, 512000 blocks
-
25600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
-
第一个数据块=1
-
Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152
-
63 block groups
-
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
-
2032 inodes per group
-
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
-
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
-
-
正在写入inode表: 完成
-
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
-
-
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
- 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
-
mkdir /mnt/bean
-
mount -t ext2 /dev/loop0 /mnt/bean
-
-
root@libin:/mnt/bean# mount
-
.........
-
/dev/loop0 on /mnt/bean type ext2 (rw)
-
-
root@libin:/mnt/bean# ll
-
总用量 17
-
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 2012-07-06 22:31 ./
-
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2012-07-06 22:32 ../
- drwx------ 2 root root 12288 2012-07-06 22:31 lost found/
-
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
- 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
- struct ext2_super_block {
- __u32 s_inodes_count;
- __u32 s_blocks_count;
- __u32 s_r_blocks_count;
- __u32 s_free_blocks_count;
- __u32 s_free_inodes_count;
- __u32 s_first_data_block;
- __u32 s_log_block_size;
- __u32 s_dummy3[7];
- unsigned char s_magic[2];
- __u16 s_state;
- ...
-
- }
-
root@libin:/mnt/bean# dumpe2fs /dev/loop0
-
dumpe2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
-
Filesystem volume name: <none>
-
Last mounted on: <not available>
-
Filesystem UUID: 3bff7535-6f39-4720-9b64-1dc8cf9fe61d
-
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
-
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
-
Filesystem features: ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super
-
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
-
Default mount options: (none)
-
Filesystem state: not clean
-
Errors behavior: Continue
-
Filesystem OS type: Linux
-
Inode count: 128016
-
Block count: 512000
-
Reserved block count: 25600
-
Free blocks: 493526
-
Free inodes: 128005
-
First block: 1
-
Block size: 1024
-
Fragment size: 1024
-
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
-
Blocks per group: 8192
-
Fragments per group: 8192
-
Inodes per group: 2032
-
Inode blocks per group: 254
-
Filesystem created: Fri Jul 6 22:31:09 2012
-
Last mount time: Fri Jul 6 22:33:28 2012
-
Last write time: Fri Jul 6 22:33:28 2012
-
Mount count: 1
-
Maximum mount count: 24
-
Last checked: Fri Jul 6 22:31:09 2012
-
Check interval: 15552000 (6 months)
-
Next check after: Wed Jan 2 22:31:09 2013
-
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
-
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
-
First inode: 11
-
Inode size: 128
-
Default directory hash: half_md4
- Directory Hash Seed: 0140915d-91ae-43df-9d84-9536cedc0d2b
-
- Group 0: (Blocks 1-8192)
- 主 superblock at 1, Group descriptors at 2-3
- 保留的GDT块位于 4-259
- Block bitmap at 260 ( 259), Inode bitmap at 261 ( 260)
- Inode表位于 262-515 ( 261)
- 7663 free blocks, 2021 free inodes, 2 directories
- 可用块数: 530-8192
- 可用inode数: 12-2032
- ...
- Group 62: (Blocks 507905-511999)
- Block bitmap at 507905 (+0), Inode bitmap at 507906 (+1)
- Inode表位于 507907-508160 (+2)
- 3839 free blocks, 2032 free inodes, 0 directories
- 可用块数: 508161-511999
- 可用inode数: 125985-128016
-
root@libin:/mnt/bean# dd if=/dev/loop0 bs=1k count=261 |od -tx1 -Ax > /tmp/dump_hex
-
记录了261 0 的读入
-
记录了261 0 的写出
-
267264字节(267 kB)已复制,0.0393023 秒,6.8 MB/秒
- root@libin:/mnt/bean# vi /tmp/dump_hex
-
000400 10 f4 01 00 00 d0 07 00 00 64 00 00 d6 87 07 00
-
000410 05 f4 01 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
000420 00 20 00 00 00 20 00 00 f0 07 00 00 5f cb f7 4f
-
000430 5f cb f7 4f 01 00 1a 00 53 ef 00 00 01 00 00 00
-
000440 25 cb f7 4f 00 4e ed 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00
-
000450 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 38 00 00 00
-
000460 02 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 5a 65 4b 92 fe 63 43 eb
-
000470 b6 86 3e f3 6e 44 19 af 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
000480 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
*
-
0004c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
-
0004d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
0004e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f9 6f 16 79
-
0004f0 b7 dc 4f 8a a1 a1 18 82 72 a7 d8 25 01 00 00 00
-
000500 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 25 cb f7 4f 00 00 00 00
-
000510 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
*
-
000560 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
000570 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
*
- 000800 04 01 00 00 05 01 00 00 06 01 00 00 ef 1d e5 07
最左边一列是地址,16进制。000400=1K,换句话说,就是文件第1K个字节。000800 =2K,这就是我们朝思暮想的超级块啊。我很激动,所以把整个超级块都贴上了,幸好我不是靠字数来骗稿费的人,否则咱得被鄙视死。
-
struct ext2_super_block {
-
__u32 s_inodes_count;
-
__u32 s_blocks_count;
-
__u32 s_r_blocks_count;
-
__u32 s_free_blocks_count;
-
__u32 s_free_inodes_count;
-
__u32 s_first_data_block;
-
__u32 s_log_block_size;
-
-
...
-
- }
-
struct ext2_group_desc
-
{
-
__u32 bg_block_bitmap; /* Blocks bitmap block */
-
__u32 bg_inode_bitmap; /* Inodes bitmap block */
-
__u32 bg_inode_table; /* Inodes table block */
-
__u16 bg_free_blocks_count; /* Free blocks count */
-
__u16 bg_free_inodes_count; /* Free inodes count */
-
__u16 bg_used_dirs_count; /* Directories count */
-
__u16 bg_flags;
-
__u32 bg_exclude_bitmap_lo;/* Exclude bitmap for snapshots */
-
__u16 bg_block_bitmap_csum_lo;/* crc32c(s_uuid+grp_num+bitmap)LSB */
-
__u16 bg_inode_bitmap_csum_lo;/* crc32c(s_uuid+grp_num+bitmap)LSB */
-
__u16 bg_itable_unused; /* Unused inodes count */
-
__u16 bg_checksum; /* crc16(s_uuid+grouo_num+group_desc)*/
- };
-
Group 1: (Blocks 8193-16384)
-
备份 superblock at 8193, Group descriptors at 8194-8195
-
保留的GDT块位于 8196-8451
-
Block bitmap at 8452 (+259), Inode bitmap at 8453 (+260)
-
Inode表位于 8454-8707 (+261)
-
7677 free blocks, 2032 free inodes, 0 directories
-
可用块数: 8708-16384
-
可用inode数: 2033-4064
-
Group 2: (Blocks 16385-24576)
-
Block bitmap at 16385 (+0), Inode bitmap at 16386 (+1)
-
Inode表位于 16387-16640 (+2)
-
7936 free blocks, 2032 free inodes, 0 directories
-
可用块数: 16641-24576
- 可用inode数: 4065-6096
-
000800 04 01 00 00 05 01 00 00 06 01 00 00 ef 1d e5 07
-
000810 02 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 块组0的组描述符
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
000820 04 21 00 00 05 21 00 00 06 21 00 00 fd 1d f0 07
-
000830 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 块组1的组描述符
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
000840 01 40 00 00 02 40 00 00 03 40 00 00 00 1f f0 07
-
000850 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 块组2的组描述符
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
000860 04 61 00 00 05 61 00 00 06 61 00 00 fd 1d f0 07
-
000870 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
000880 01 80 00 00 02 80 00 00 03 80 00 00 00 1f f0 07
-
000890 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
0008a0 04 a1 00 00 05 a1 00 00 06 a1 00 00 fd 1d f0 07
-
0008b0 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
0008c0 01 c0 00 00 02 c0 00 00 03 c0 00 00 00 1f f0 07
-
0008d0 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
0008e0 04 e1 00 00 05 e1 00 00 06 e1 00 00 fd 1d f0 07
-
0008f0 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
000900 01 00 01 00 02 00 01 00 03 00 01 00 00 1f f0 07
-
000910 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-
000fb0 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
- 000fc0 01 c0 07 00 02 c0 07 00 03 c0 07 00 ff 0e f0 07
-
000fd0 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 块组62的组描述符
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 000fe0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
- * 没有块组63
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 001000 04 20 00 00 04 60 00 00 04 a0 00 00 04 e0 00 00
-
Group 25: (Blocks 204801-212992)
-
备份 superblock at 204801, Group descriptors at 204802-204803
-
保留的GDT块位于 204804-205059
-
Block bitmap at 205060 (+259), Inode bitmap at 205061 (+260)
-
Inode表位于 205062-205315 (+261)
-
7677 free blocks, 2032 free inodes, 0 directories
-
可用块数: 205316-212992
- 可用inode数: 50801-52832
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- root@libin:/mnt/bean# dd if=/dev/loop0 bs=1k skip=204802 count=2|od -tx1 -Ax > /tmp/dump_hex_
- 记录了2+0 的读入
- 记录了2+0 的写出
- 2048字节(2.0 kB)已复制,0.000160205 秒,12.8 MB/秒
- root@libin:/mnt/bean# vi /tmp/dump_hex_
- 000000 04 01 00 00 05 01 00 00 06 01 00 00 ef 1d e5 07
- 000010 02 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
- 000020 04 21 00 00 05 21 00 00 06 21 00 00 fd 1d f0 07
- 000030 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
- 000040 01 40 00 00 02 40 00 00 03 40 00 00 00 1f f0 07
- 000050 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
- 000060 04 61 00 00 05 61 00 00 06 61 00 00 fd 1d f0 07
- 000070 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
- 000080 01 80 00 00 02 80 00 00 03 80 00 00 00 1f f0 07
- 000090 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
- 0000a0 04 a1 00 00 05 a1 00 00 06 a1 00 00 fd 1d f0 07
- 0000b0 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
- ....
- 0007c0 01 c0 07 00 02 c0 07 00 03 c0 07 00 ff 0e f0 07
- 0007d0 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
- 0007e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
- *
- 000800
-
root@libin:/mnt/bean# cd /home
-
root@libin:/home# umount /dev/loop0
-
root@libin:/home# cd /mnt/bean
-
root@libin:/mnt/bean# ll
-
总用量 8
-
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2012-07-06 22:32 ./
-
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2012-07-06 22:32 ../
-
root@libin:/mnt/bean# mke2fs -b 4096 /dev/loop0
-
mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
-
文件系统标签=
-
操作系统:Linux
-
块大小=4096 (log=2)
-
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
-
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
-
128000 inodes, 128000 blocks
-
6400 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
-
第一个数据块=0
-
Maximum filesystem blocks=134217728
-
4 block groups
-
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
-
32000 inodes per group
-
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
-
32768, 98304
-
-
正在写入inode表: 完成
-
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
-
-
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
- 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override