字符串C语言常用API

2150阅读 0评论2015-09-17 九阳神功爱喝茶
分类:C/C++

好多时候一个复杂的算法往往可以由很多简单的基本API组合完成,而经常总结这些常用API对真正在线笔试的时候是很有好处的,另外好多时候的笔试题或者面试题往往就是让人实现一个基本的API。
C语言写的字符串常用操作API:包括创建,销毁,插入,删除,替换,拷贝,合并,连接,子串的定位,最大子串的查找。

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  1. //字符串的实现
    /*这里选用的是线性分配存储的字符串形式,主要是为了可以不限定字符串长度*/
    #pragma warning(disable:4996)
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<stdlib.h> 
    #include<string.h>
    #define MAXSTRELEN 255
    typedef struct  {
    char ch[MAXSTRELEN];
    int length;
    }SString;


    //字符串初始化,同时也可以通过初始化来将字符串销毁,重新赋值
    InitStr(SString* string) {
    for (int i = 0; i < MAXSTRELEN; i++) {
    (*string).ch[i] = '\0';
    }
    (*string).length = 0;
    }
    //字符串常量复制得到字符串
    CreateString(SString *string, char *ch) {

    unsigned int i = 0;
    int length = StrLength(*string);
    while (i<strlen(ch))
    {
    (*string).ch[i+length] = ch[i];
    (*string).length++;
    i++;
    }
    }
    //非初始化创建字符串
    CreateString2(SString *string, char *ch,int pos,int n) {


    unsigned int i = 0;
    int length = StrLength(*string);
    while (i< n)
    {
    (*string).ch[i+length] = ch[i+pos];
    (*string).length++;
    i++;
    }
    }
    //字符串S的第pos个位置开始复制n个自负到字符串string
    StrCat(SString *string, SString S, int pos ,int n) {
    CreateString2(string, S.ch, pos, n);
    }


    //字符串遍历
    StrTraversal(SString string) {
    printf("%s\n", string.ch);
    }


    //字符串长度
    int StrLength(SString string) {
    return string.length;
    }


    //字符串为空
    int StrEmpty(SString string) {
    return string.length ? string.length :0 ;
    }


    //如果string>s则返回正数,小于返回负数,相等返回0
    int StrCompare(SString string, SString s) {
    int length_a = StrLength(string);
    int length_b = StrLength(s);
    int length = max(length_a, length_b);
    for (int i = 0; i <length; i++) {
    if (string.ch[i] != s.ch[i]) {
    return string.ch[i]- s.ch[i];
    break;
    }
    }
    return 0;
    }


    //两个字符串连接成一个字符串
    Concat(SString *string, SString S1, SString S2) {
    int length = S1.length + S2.length;
    StrCat(string, S1,0,S1.length);
    (*string).length = length;
    for (int i = 0; i < S2.length; i++) {
    (*string).ch[S1.length + i] = S2.ch[i];
    }
    }


    //用Sub返回S的第pos字自符起长度为len的子串
    SubString(SString *Sub, SString string, int pos, int len) {
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    (*Sub).ch[i] = string.ch[i + pos];
    (*Sub).length = len;
    }
    }


    //求子串位置的定位函数
    /*
    pos表示匹配串第pos位之后,pos和返回值均从0计数
    */
    int SubIndex(SString string, SString Sub, int pos) {
    int i = pos, j = 0;
    for (; i < StrLength(string) && j < StrLength(Sub);) {
    if (Sub.ch[j] == string.ch[i]) {
    j++;
    i++;
    }
    else {
    i++;
    j = 0;
    }
    }
    //return i;
    if (j == StrLength(Sub))
    return i-StrLength(Sub);
    else return -1;
    }


    //用V替换S中所有与T相等的不重叠的子串
    StrReplace(SString*S, SString T, SString V,SString*D,int pi) {
    //例子:  S:HELLOWORLD T:LLOW V:HELL
    //首先获取字符串S中T的索引
    //SString D;
    //InitStr(&D);
    int slength = StrLength(*S);
    // 计算被替换串和替换串的长度.
    int nsrclen = StrLength(T);
    int nDstLen = StrLength(V);
    int nLen ;
    //S的合并起始点地址
    //int pi = 0;
    int p = SubIndex(*S, T, pi);
    if (p)
    {
    //如果找到
    //计算被替换串前边字符串的长度.
    nLen = (p - pi);
    StrCat(D,*S,pi,nLen);
    StrCat(D, V, 0, nDstLen);
    //StrCat(&D, T, p + nsrclen,nsrclen-p-pi);
    pi = p+nsrclen;
    StrReplace(S,T,V,D,pi);
    }
    else {
    StrCat(D, *S, pi, slength - pi);
    }
    StrTraversal(*D);
    }


    /*在字符串的S的第pos个位置插入字符串T,并用S返回插入后的字符串*/
    StrInsert(SString*S, SString T, int pos) {
    SString tmp;
    InitStr(&tmp);
    StrCat(&tmp, *S, 0, pos);
    StrCat(&tmp, T, 0, StrLength(T));
    StrCat(&tmp,*S,pos,StrLength(*S)-pos);
    //先将串S销毁,然后再将串tmp复制到串S
    InitStr(S);
    StrCat(S, tmp, 0, StrLength(tmp));
    }


    //删除pos个位置开始的len长度的字符串,并返回到S中
    StrRemove(SString*S, int pos, int len) {
    SString tmp;
    InitStr(&tmp);
    StrCat(&tmp, *S, 0, pos);
    StrCat(&tmp, *S, pos+len, StrLength(*S) - pos);
    //先将串S销毁,然后再将串tmp复制到串S
    InitStr(S);
    StrCat(S, tmp, 0, StrLength(tmp));
    }


    //两个字符串的最长子串,src为源字符串,string为匹配字符串,max_length_substring为返回的最长子字符串
    int MaxLengthSubString(SString src,SString string,SString *maxsubstring) {
    int index;
    for (int j = StrLength(string); j > 0; j--) {
    for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
    SString sub;
    InitStr(&sub);
    SubString(&sub, string, i, j - i);
    index = SubIndex(src,sub,0);
    if (index >=0) {
    StrCat(maxsubstring, sub, 0, StrLength(sub));
    //StrTraversal(sub);
    return 0;//返回0表示找到
    }
    }
    }
    return -1;//返回-1表示为匹配
    }


    int main(void) {
    SString string,s,slast,LAST;


    //初始化部分
    InitStr(&string);
    //字符串初始化必须分配内存空间;或者用char[],这样直接保存在栈区不用malloc内存空间
    char ch[MAXSTRELEN];
    scanf("%s", ch);
    CreateString(&string, ch);

    //初始化部分
    InitStr(&s);
    //字符串初始化必须分配内存空间;或者用char[],这样直接保存在栈区不用malloc内存空间
    char character[MAXSTRELEN];
    scanf("%s", character);
    CreateString(&s, character);




    //两字符串最长公共子串
    SString maxsubstring;
    InitStr(&maxsubstring);
    int tmps =MaxLengthSubString(string, s, &maxsubstring);
    if (tmps == 0) {
    StrTraversal(maxsubstring);
    }
    else {
    printf("no common str");
    }



    ////初始化部分
    //InitStr(&slast);
    ////字符串初始化必须分配内存空间;或者用char[],这样直接保存在栈区不用malloc内存空间
    //char character2[MAXSTRELEN];
    //scanf("%s", character2);
    //CreateString(&slast, character2);


    //InitStr(&LAST);


    SString tmp;
    InitStr(&tmp);


    ////字符串的删除
    //StrRemove(&string, 2, 3);
    //StrTraversal(string);
    //字符串的插入
    //StrInsert(&string, s, 2);
    //StrTraversal(string);


    ////获取子串
    //SString sub;
    //InitStr(&sub);
    ////获取子串
    //SubString(&sub, string, 0, 3);
    //


    ////字符串遍历
    //StrTraversal(string);
    //StrTraversal(sub);


    ///*两字符串合并保存在slast中*/
    //Concat(&slast, string,s);
    //StrTraversal(slast);


    ///*字符串拷贝到string中*/
    //StrCat(&string, s,0,s.length);
    //printf("%s\n", string.ch);
    //printf("%d\n", string.length);




    ///*字符串比较*/
    //int tmp=StrCompare(string, s);


    /*字符串替换*/
    //StrReplace(&string, s, slast, &LAST,0);


    //子串索引位置
    /*int tmp = SubIndex(string, s,0);
    printf("%d\n", tmp);*/
    }

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