用SBT和Play进行JSON序列化
本文主要讲述如何使用Play框架的JSON模块进行JSON的序列化和反序列化。
JSON数据是非常常见的数据类型,基本上做项目就离不开JSON。在Scala语言中,要处理JSON有多种方法,既可以利用Java相关的JSON库(比如Jackson或GSON)进行处理,又可以使用Scala语言的JSON库。那么,在这些库Spray JSON、Play JSON、Argonaut、Jackson、Rapture中,到底应该选择哪一个呢?
我分析了Scala领域的各种JSON库,最终决定使用Play JSON库作为我的首选工具。那么,怎样使用Play框架的JSON模块来完成任务,而无需引入整个Play框架呢?我找到了这个:Play JSON
一、Play JSON模块的使用
地址:
当前Play JSON库的最新版本为2.4.3版。Maven库依赖如下:
com.typesafe.play play-json_2.11 2.4.3
可以下载这个JAR包,并加到项目类路径下。也可以使用SBT管理SCala项目,在SBT文件中添加Play JSON依赖:
name := "proectj-name" version := "1.0" scalaVersion := "2.11.7" libraryDependencies ++= Seq("com.typesafe.play" % "play-json_2.11" % "2.4.3")
下面说明如何使用此库进行JSON的序列化和反序列化。
{ "id": 1, "type": "credit card", "address": { "address1": "Baker str 3", "address2": "", "city": "London", "zipcode": "WC064" }, "token": "u4lPaa74M" "cvv": 112 }
以上是账单模型的一部分——支付。它是我们进行JSON序列化和反序列化的一部分。
二、创建模型
下面为JSON数据创建对应的对象模型。
1、Address字段
case class Address(address1: String, address2: Option[String], city: String, state: String, zipcode: String)
2、声明读写规则
用于编写Scala模型到JSON的转换,以及从JSON读数据到Scala。这些逻辑可以在Address对象中进行声明:
object Address { import play.api.libs.json._ implicit val addressFormats = Json.format[Address] def writeAddress(address: Address) = { Json.toJson(address) } def readAddress(jsonAddress: JsValue) = { jsonAddress.as[Address] } }
正如你看到的,我们使用了Play的对象Json,目的是实现对象的序列化和反序列化。我仅仅简单的使用了strings、numbers、arrays和null值类型。
3、在父对象执行动作
case class Payment(id: Long, pType: String, address: Address, token: String, cvv: String) object Payment { import play.api.libs.json._ def writePayment(payment: Payment) = { JsObject(Seq( "id" -> JsNumber(payment.id), "type" -> JsString(payment.pType), "address" -> Json.toJson(payment.address), "token" -> JsString(payment.token), "cvv" -> JsString(payment.cvv) )) } def readPayment(jsonPayment: JsValue) = { val id = (jsonPayment \ "id").as[Long] val pType = (jsonPayment \ "type").as[String] val address = (jsonPayment \ "address").as[Address] val token = (jsonPayment \ "token").as[String] val cvv = (jsonPayment \ "cvv").as[String] Payment(id, pType, address, token, cvv) } }
看上面的代码,由于type是Scala的关键字,故使用了pType作为变量代替。还有手动定义了支付对象的读写操作。
三、序列化实例
为了检查序列化是否正常工作,可以创建单元测试。在SBT文件中添加ScalaTest依赖,如下:
name := "proectj-name" version := "1.0" scalaVersion := "2.11.7" libraryDependencies ++= Seq( "org.scalatest" % "scalatest_2.11" % "3.0.0-SNAP5" % "test", "com.typesafe.play" % "play-json_2.11" % "2.4.2")
然后写支付的单元测试:
import models._ import models.Payment._ import org.scalatest._ import play.api.libs.json._ class PaymentTest extends FlatSpec with Matchers { val address = Address("1375 Burlingame Ave.", None, "Burlingame", "California", "94010") "Payment " should "be converted to JSON correctly " in { val payment = Payment(1, "creditCard", address, "wdweadowei3209423", "123") val paymentJSON = writePayment(payment) (paymentJSON \ ("id")).get should be (JsNumber(1)) (paymentJSON \ ("type")).get should be (JsString("creditCard")) (paymentJSON \ ("address")).get should be (Json.toJson(payment.address)) (paymentJSON \ ("token")).get should be (JsString("wdweadowei3209423")) (paymentJSON \ ("cvv")).get should be (JsString("123")) } it should " be deserialized correctly " in { val paymentJSON: JsValue = JsObject(Seq( "id" -> JsNumber(1), "type" -> JsString("creditCard"), "address" -> Json.toJson(address), "token" -> JsString("wdweadowei3209423"), "cvv" -> JsString("123") )) val payment = readPayment(paymentJSON) payment.id should be (1) payment.pType should be ("creditCard") payment.address should be (address) payment.token should be ("wdweadowei3209423") payment.cvv should be ("123") } }
四、总结
Play JSON库的功能足够强大,可以满足JSON相关的需求。要想了解更多内容,可以查看官方文档,见:
https://www.playframework.com/documentation/2.4.x/ScalaJson